What do you call values that are within the lower and upper limits?

The term used to describe values that fall within the lower and upper limits is indeed adjacent values. This concept is relevant when analyzing datasets and helps in identifying values that are neither too low nor too high compared to the rest of the dataset. "Adjacent" implies that these values are located close to the main group of data points and are not excessively deviating from the overall trend or range. Recognizing these values is important for various statistical analyses, such as determining quartiles or identifying data that effectively represents the central tendency of the dataset.

In contrast, outliers refer to observations that lie far outside the lower and upper limits of the data, which can heavily influence statistical calculations like the mean. Extreme values typically denote more significant deviations from the mean, while anomalies indicate unusual observations that may suggest errors or significant differences in the data collection process. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effective statistical analysis.